Cisco Case Study Essay

Cisco Systems is an industry leader in network technology. Their primary business is technology that is used to enable communication with people all over the world with multiple functions. Whether it be email, voice video or general applications these service are transported over Cisco Networks. The current CEO is John Chambers who has held the position since 1995. This case study focuses on his vision and strategy over the past 17 years. Cisco is a market leader in networking technology. Financial Information: www. Bloomberg.com (1) Sales 2012 Sales/Revenue/Turnover: Total Operating Revenues. $46,681,000,000 Gross Profit $28,558,000,00 Net income $ 8,356,000,000 Key Milestones in Cisco’s History (2) 1997 All in One: Data/Voice/Video 2000 Network of Networks 2006 Network as Platform 2008-Current Collaboration/ Web 2.0 SWOT ANALYSIS Cisco’s’ internal strengths are its people. They have a built a corporation with over 70,000 employees. 1/3 of those are Engineering people who develop Cisco’s solutions. (2). These solutions come from internal design or from acquisitions. There weakness is the size of the corporation compared to when they were in there early days. They challenges adapting to customer demands at the rapid pace the technology industry changes. The opportunities have come with the use of acquisitions. When they want to add a piece of technology to their portfolio they at times bypass the development process and acquire a company with the needed expertise. The major threats to the business are the number of employees who leave and go to competitors. Many of Cisco’s competitors are run by former Cisco employees. See Juniper.com(7) ANALYSIS VIA PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL Analyze the competitive environment by listing the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products and services, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors in the industry (Chapter 2). Summarize your key points in a Figure. (25 points) Cisco’s’ threat of new entrants is limited due to Cisco’s market cap on network Switching: Modular/Fixed (2) . They currently hold a 69% market cap sue to their design and build of these devices. Their competitors have copied and duplicated these products and there are only handful that compete. The bargaining power as a buyer based on thre volume allows them to keep manufacturing costs low. There suppliers in turn have strong bargaining power with their silicon and chip manufactures. New Chipsets are developed rapidly and suppliers can gain a competitive advantage over the manufacturers. The threat of substitute products is a common theme with Cisco. An example was a Chinese company stole Cisco’s design and started producing replica hardware. Years of litigation was later settled however the cost to do so was a major impact. (3)This caused an intense rivalry with its competitor 3Com who partnered with the Chinese company (4). The other issue with its competitors is its talent pool. Many of Cisco’s engineers leave for competitor with hopes of creating the next generation of technology. STRATEGY USED Cisco’s competitive advantage in the switching market has led them into being market leaders in other sectors. Having the market share of the core network as the base layer of Infrastructure allows them to see the need of its customers. These sectors have all been supplicants that utilize the Cisco core networking products that today has brought them an industry market share in the following area. The core strategy used is there overall cost leadership to create this competitive advantage Performance Market share per sector Security 31% Digital Video: IPTV-64% Switching: Modular/Fixed- 69% Voice-37% Wireless: LAN-54% Storage: Area Networks-44% Routing: Edge/Core/Access-53% Networked Home-23% Web Conferencing-38% (2) One core strategy they used in the area of differentiation was the introduction of Voice over the network. Voice is a legacy technology created over 100 years ago and up until recently was run with the same original design concepts. Cisco changed that system buy running voice over the IP network. Today VOIP phone systems are a standard and the original POTS (plain old pots lines) are now considered legacy. They used acquisitions to buy phone providers and break down there core fundamental and produce them on IP networks., allowing today the use of voice over your PC Email Text. They were very successful in this space however not all companies can use this strategy for this particular technology. There install base is so strong the market is saturated and would not be cost effective. This strategy however is now in the maturity stage of the industry life cycle. They contain 69% of the voice market and they are continued to grow. The core installations will eventually decline however the service to maintain the phones systems will continue to remain in the maturity stage. Cisco’s strategy is based on catching market transitions—the market transitions that affect our customers. With the proliferation of video and collaborative Web 2.0 technologies, the network continues to evolve from the plumbing of the Internet—providing connectivity—to the platform that will change the way we work, live, play and learn.â€â€" John Chambers, Chairman and CEO, Cisco THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THIS COMPANY Cisco’s’ competitive advantage in some sectors can be maintained. The overall progress should continue however weaker sectors where they have lost focus on have declined. In the example of the home Networked sector they maintain a low 23% market share. This has not been inline what the projections were when they entered these markets. Recently they have announced they are moving away from the home based market with a sale of their Linksys lien to Belkin (5) I believe the companies’ competitive advantage can be maintained if they focus on areas where they have control on market share. Shedding unprofitable business such as Linksys is a step in the right direction. This product is clearly on the decline side and Cisco should focus on growth areas such as storage area networks. The companies’ culture is changing from when they were a smaller enterprise they were able to maneuver with market needs more quickly. The fierce competition in the home market was one of the company problems. I believe that they are an enterprises corporation provider of services and do not understand the needs of home based users. COURSE OF ACTION RECOMMENDED I would advise Cisco to focus on server storage sectors. They are not a market leader in servers such as HP but have new products that are changing the way we companies utilize servers. This is a differentiation strategy that will change the industry if done correctly. They created a virtual server solution called UCS that if markets correctly could achieve future growth in the server storage sector. (6) I would use my market power and customer to base to provide these solutions at a low cost and this will expose a broad customer base to the product OPINION What do you think of this case study? Describe what you believe are the lessons learned from this case. (10 points) I think this case study showed me new concepts in strategic management. By studying Cisco’s market dominance based on 46 billion in revenues I now understand that having a competitive advantage must be maintained. Seeing Cisco now leaving markets is a new direction for them and these concepts have brought me to understand that. REFERENCES When you have completed the paper using the above sections, insert a page break and have a separate references page. The references should be listed in accordance with the APA guidelines as shown in the tutorial. (5 points) http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CSCO:AR (1) http://newsroom.cisco.com/documents/10157/0/Corporate+Overview+-+Q2FY12.pdf (2) http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/07/29/cisco_huawei_case_ends/ (3) http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/07/09/3com_welcome_to_join_ciscohuawei/(4) http://www.dailytech.com/Belkin+Plans+to+Purchase+Ciscos+Linksys+Home+Networking+Business+Unit/article29747.htm(5) http://www.cisco.com/assets/global/europe/powerofu/ucs_vs_hp_deployment.pdf(6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_Networks(7)

Ancient Chinese Inventions and Contributions

Ancient Chinese Inventions and Contributions Humanities 111 Professor Abstract The following paper will show the contributions from ancient Chinese culture is amazing. There are many inventions and contributions that trace back to ancient Chinese culture. The top ten inventions and contributions continue to keep giving in today’s society. Ancient Chinese has contributed to helping jobs to exist, fight wars, and contribute to the overall public lives with their inventions and contributions.We as people living life and going about our business never really take the time to think about where and who has invented the joys we experience on a daily basis. One example is our very own boy scouts, go on a big jamboree every year. They normally go camping and hiking. A compass is used during this time frame. If you were to ask the average boy scout, who invented the compass? Many could not tell who or when was the compass invented. Ancient Chinese four most useful contributions or inven tions created were gun powder, the compass, paper making, and printing.These four inventions are very unique in their own way. I will explain why these four are the most useful inventions created by ancient Chinese. One of the few destructive inventions of ancient Chinese civilization was that of gunpowder. The discovery of gunpowder led to the invention of firearms and revolutionized battlefields in the Asian Continent. Chinese alchemists, whom were searching for an elixir of life, accidentally discovered the explosive property of gunpowder sometime around 9th century AD. By the end of the 10th century, Asian powers had introduced grenades, crude bombs and firearms onto battlefields.Use of cannons and bigger fire arms also became prevalent. (Yinke Deng, 2005) The compass was one of the most important technological developments in ancient China due to the fact that it promoted and aided exploration that was initiated by Chinese rulers. The development of the compass made China the f irst imperial power in the world. The Chinese empire was indeed termed as an imperial power until the end of monarchy in China and the royal place was also known as the Imperial Palace. The exact era or dynasty during which the Chinese invented the technology of paper manufacturing is uncertain.It is certain that the technology led to many more advancements as it facilitated scholars, philosophers and writers of Chinese civilization. Paper that was invented in ancient China was not only used as a medium of writing, but creative Chinese innovators also used it as a raw material for manufacturing bags as well as paper currency. Paper making can be traced down to the Han dynasty, which ruled from 202 BC to 220 AD, when court official Cai Lun set out to the task of making paper. He deployed mulberry, bast fibers, and waste material such as old rags and hemp waste. Yinke Deng, 2005) Lun also made use of fishing nets to bind the materials together. Some archaeological findings however, su ggest that paper in ancient China may have been invented during the 8th century BC. The invention of printing is regarded as one of the most important inventions, due to the fact that it made books cheaper. Cheaper books ensured an educated society. Many dynasties of courtiers and scholars from ancient China contributed to the development of the printing press. Printing technology started evolving sometime around 868 BC, with the printing of the first printed book titled The Diamond Sutra.The book was printed with the help of the wood block printing. It had become a very advanced technology by the end of the Song dynasty. Writer Shen Kuo, who was also a courtier of Songs, promoted the use of printing for the spread of knowledge. Bi Sheng, who was an artisan, invented the movable ceramic printing. Inventors like Hua Sui also attempted to invent the metal castings and rollers for movable printing. There are eight to ten useful inventions and contributions from the ancient Chinese that are still in use today.The ten ancient Chinese useful inventions or contributions are paper currency, row crops, deep drilling for gas, fireworks, gun powder, the flame thrower, the parachute, the wheel barrow, rudder, and the compass. Chinese inventions have contributed to mankind in many ways. Many of their discoveries start out in one form and can branch out to three or more end products. The four inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese that have had the most impact on many countries and even changed the course of history to a certain extent were paper currency, gun powder, the parachute, and deep drilling for gas.I believe them to be the most ingenious and innovative of inventions. Paper currency changed the ways of handling money. The times of having to carry gold coins and precious metals to purchase goods and services were over. Before paper currency lugging gold and precious metals around was risky and hard to conceal. Paper currency is lightweight, discrete, a nd still exists in society today. As well as currency, the ways that gun powder has changed society are many. Gun powder has contributed to the gun, fireworks, and explosives of many types.The usage is wide ranged and without the use gun powder wars would have been a lot harder to win and a lot more primitive in style. It is hard to imagine the civil war without the use of musket guns and cannons. The invention of the parachute have also helped in many ways. Parachutes have saved many pilots’ lives. When an air plane fails in the sky or during a war when a plane is shot down, pilots can parachute to safety. Parachutes have facilitated the United States troops with fighting wars on enemy territories. Deep drilling for gas has helped many countries to better utilize their own resources.Deep drilling for gas has helped the United States in the fight to go green and help the environment. The deep drilling for gas technique has given many Americans jobs in the past and present, an d it is responsible for a considerable amount of America’s income. The ancient Chinese have invented and contributed to the discovery of many things used in society today. The one invention I cannot live without is paper currency. Money is what makes the world go round. I use money every day for many different reasons. On a daily basis, I use money (paper currency) to purchase gas, lunch, and beverages.On a weekly basis I use paper currency to rent DVDs, go to the movies, take my wife out to dinner, and get my haircut. It has changed and facilitate the world drastically. Paper currency is in circulation from many different countries and all vary in value and designs. References Yinke Deng. (October 2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. China. China Intercontinental press Suzanne Morgan Williams. (January 1997). Made in China: Ideas and Inventions from Ancient China. Berkley, California. Pacific Press. (2008). Invention of Paper. Retrieved from http://www. culture-4-travel. com/i nvention-of-paper. html.

Organizational Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Structure - Essay Example The 70/20/10 Rule is applicable to all employees; with 70% of day hours focused on management delegated duties, 20% diverted to daily idea generations or new projects while remaining 10% devoted to new idea specific to employees’ choice (Cordes, 2013, p. 78). NRO is led by director (DNRO), who is appointed by Defense’s Secretary in conjunction with Director of National Intelligence reporting to Secretary of Defense closely working with DNI and has supervises NRO’s responsibility with respect to its operational and management. Besides, there is Principal Deputy Director of NRO who is overseeing activities of NRO while coordinating and answerable to DNRO, executing NRO’s daily management as delegated by DNRO as well standing in for DNRO in case of absentia. The deputy Director of NRO who is an Air force General Officer exists and helps both PDDNRO and DNRO with operation of NRO as well as attached as senior Officer to uniformed and civilian Air Force NRO’s employees while coordinating NRO and Air Force’s operations. There exists other directorates; Signal Intelligence System Acquisition , Mission Intelligence, Corporate Staff, Deputy Director for Business Plans and Operations, Communications Systems Acquisition Directorate, Mission Operation , Management Services and Operations, System Engineering Directorate, Office of Space Launch, Ground Enterprise and Advance Systems and Technology Director that have served to ensure its uniqueness in successful operations. The structure is operated based on five regional centers and three directorates. There are four divisions of DIA’s regional centers and a functional center tracking and unearthing the Agency’s performance with respect to its regional responsibilities. The directorate of Operations is accountable for intelligence operations; Defense Attache System representing United States

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Lab report - Essay Example ich is less than the static force needed to cause the block to move hence the value of Static friction coefficient is 0.04 while the value of Kinetic friction coefficient is 0.14. A hanging mass without any weight attached to the pulley shows no motion of the box. With gradual addition of weight on the hanging mass, the box begins to move hence overcoming static friction force. The force at which the box begins to move represents the static force since it is the force causing the box just to move. During motion, the frictional force attained helps maintain the box in motion as it also increases proportionally with increase in the hanging mass until the motion gains a constant rate. The static coefficient of friction is as a result of the required force to cause an object to start moving. As soon as the object starts to slide at a constant rate, coefficient of kinetic friction is then the required force to retain the object in motion (Matolyak and Ajawad 35-37). In this set up, the factor of gravitational force causing the object to just set motion is the same as the resistive force that keeps the object at rest. This is then the static friction force. Increase of the inclination angle decreases the gravitational force acting on the box. An inclination of 10 degrees overcomes the resistive force causing the box just to move and a further inclination of 9.2 degrees keeps the box in motion hence providing for the kinetic friction force. Actual coefficient of static friction of wood is 0.25-0.5 and coefficient of kinetic friction of wood is 0.2. Out of the three method used, method 2 was the most precise since coefficient of static friction 0.349 lies averagely within the actual range and its coefficient of kinetic friction 0.232 is closer to the actual range values. Sources of error in this experiment include: Logical error due to the swaying of the pulley hanging masses which causes the box to gain motion before reaching the actual kinetic friction. There is no

Corporal punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporal punishment - Essay Example Although corporal punishment’s aim is to impose discipline, parents, guardians and the like must carefully re-consider its effects on the child’s emotional, psychological, and physical well-being. In effect, corporal punishment is not an option in disciplining a child, but is basically a threat towards the child’s overall development. By definition, corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain, intended to correct behavior or to punish (Wikipedia, 2006). Various efforts in support of this corporal punishment attest that such form of discipline must be considered as the pains an individual suffer early in life is translated into feelings of emotional wholeness. Children who underwent corporal punishment strive harder to reach greater goals in life. Proponents of this concept emphasize that fact that it is the most effective form of discipline, particularly for uncontrollable and unmanageable children. Delinquent children are uncontrollable simply because they think their parents do not care about whatever they do. At times, they think their actions are admissible due to their parents’ lack of interest. On the extreme side, their parents do dissuade them against harm’s way, but in effect these types of children are still unthreatened by their parents’ disciplining ways. As the end justifies the means, corporal punishment becomes the only viable solution to delinquent children or to those children who have uncontrollable behavior. Furthermore, it is the easiest way to impose and manage discipline. In addition, parents’ use of harder forms of physical punishment may have less impact on a child, as opposed to the use of emotional violence. There are children who view corporal punishment as a way to feel the love and respect of their parents. By means of spanking, children are able to perceive that their parents still care for them; hence they still spend time and attention through the discipline they impose. If

Philosophy of Bacon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of Bacon - Essay Example In ancient days few people used to be educated. Philosophers and religious heads used to rule the roost of the society. The society used to honor the religious heads. Philosophers became lack of education and lack of understanding the world. Of course it is true that there very same person frightened of religions and the philosophers were restarting as the progress of society. In the ancient times then and to be great philosophers like Epicures, Zeno, Cleanthes, Arcecitators, Cameades, Pyrrho, Tenion etc. Their philosophy was being questioned by the society, the European society. A new generation of though is surfacing, questioning the very existence of the ancient European Philosophers. New thinkers started throwing open their material, pragmatic formats of a new philosophy to the world. A renaissance is gaming and its theories of modern philosophy. It is an intellectual comes and with some modern philosophy, the authorship used to be denied the work has to be renamed an ancient phi losopher and then only it used to be accepted. Such was the ancient Philosophers sway on the society. As a matter of fact the work done by any intellectual is not his own. It is rediscovered and it had actually because written by an ancient philosophers and it is only rediscovered by this intellect.But everything changed in the beginning of the 17th century in the renaissance a reaction started selling is against the old philosophers. People started liking to criticize it reject it, and attempting something new. To establish a fact that modern philosophers was to reborn in early in modern Europe, after its united 300 years in carnation in ancient Greece. In the ancient world there were energy bottlenecks. They were not able to probe or enhance their sources of energy. They had to cut the plants and burn for energy. To a little one only or a limited use only. Usage if animals and their own lab our, and the energy of slaves was too little for them to allow then create devices that might allow them to create more energy. Therefore in ancient days people were not able to have a control over the materials they were having. Rather to say that they did not know the scientific approach to marks best of material that are available. Then came the new modern period wherein falls etc. started producing used energy and more control over the circumstances. The society was changing for better and started living in comfort. The invention powering the galleries avoiding the rowing of slaves, the invention of magnetic compares hardening enough weird energy to soul even though out fitted with cannons gun powder to fire the canon to use in mining purposed, the invention of a mechanical clock the printing press and so an and so forth. Francis Bacon was an early thinker Francis Bacon explained more vividly about and they can think plan and devise means and ways to interfere with the nature. He was very optimistic of a more enlightened and more powerful humane. Being and they can achieve miracles in interfering with the nature. They can make best use of the nature. Bacon believes in humane power and its aim is to generate and super induce a new nature on a given body. The work and aim of human knowledge is to sources of emanations. True knowledge is knowledge by causes, caused are four kinds (1) The material (2) The formal (3) The efficient (4) The final Of these four materials and efficient are of little consequences, if every thing is true and active science. If a man acquires knowledge only on certain subjects, his knowledge is also imperfect. If a efficient and material caused he may discover certain things reference to substances in some degree similar to another selected before hand, both may not become so efficient to touch the deeper bound rise of the things.

Helping Parents Apply First Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Helping Parents Apply First Aid - Essay Example occurs when an object is lodged in the windpipe thus a child is not able to breathe. The child may also have a blocked windpipe from having an allergic reaction to food. Young children often swallow various objects and because chocking leads to an insufficient amount of air into the brain, and first aid needs to be administered quickly (Nelson, 2002). A list of items that should be present includes: †¢ Hand sanitizer so that one can be able to clean their hands when water or soap is not available. †¢ Triple-Antibiotic ointment so that there can be the prevention of infection. †¢ Thermometer. †¢ Acetaminophen for the pain or fever. †¢ Oral antihistamine for allergic reactions. †¢ Instant cold press in order to control the swelling. †¢ Calamine lotion to help with the bites or stings. Procedure: 1. Assessing the situation: when a child is unable to breathe, cry or laugh, then there is something that is defiantly wrong with the child. 2. If the child is coughing, it means that the child’s windpipe is only partially blocked. When that is the case, the child should be led to continue coughing. This is the most effective method of unblocking the windpipe and in particular to anyone who is not fully blocked (Nelson, 2002). 3. Ask another individual to call the emergency number such as 911 while giving the child back blows and chest thrusts.

English should be the official language of the United States Essay - 1

English should be the official language of the United States - Essay Example I connote that the identity issue in spite of the kind of state one is affiliated to is a generational crisis and the sooner we find its solution the better. A true definition of identity lies in our own understanding of the kind of language we normally use in all the aspects of our lives. But this true definition may be construed to mean; â€Å"a true sense of one’s self that continuously develops from birth to adult hood.† This kind of growth allows for the differentiation of different generations to believe in a single unifying factor that makes a society. Such important unifying factors make up a family, a society, or even a nation. But the most important of them all is the nation hood. Even though we might consider different kinds of identity, our major concern is the national identity. I am of the opinion that if we can make a language a source of this identity then, we should reflect upon the United States of America and how English may be used to create a source of identity. I can attest to the fact that language forms part of national emblem that unifies all American regardless of their cultural, political and economical standings. The existence of many immigrants who have actually reached the citizenship status and not adjusting to this language proficiency is thwarting the development of English as a language. Regardless of this, English is still an important component of America’s national emblem (Amanda, Ebon 55). I agree that English is still a vital part of America’s identity since the minute I hear a person is from America, I can’t visualize that this person speaks any other language(s) excerpt English. Samuel Huntington asserts that the basic fundamentals of America’s identity are; the Protestantism, English customs, and law. This kind of customs brings with it the language that unites the citizens. Thus, a real American is one who’s a protestant, keeps his culture and is able to speak fluent English. But according to Nancy

Macro Environment assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro Environment - Assignment Example o detect impact it will basically involve the use of transistors or other semiconductor components that involves the use of Silicon as the basic material for building the device. The technology also involves the use of mobile and other communication technology such as GPS. The mobile technology will be used to automatically dial 911 in case of accidents and GPS would be used to give the location of the accident site to the 911 operator so that help can arrive swiftly. The GPS technology is very much an essential component in this case as no human being might be present or the driver himself might not be in a position to physically communicate the occurrence of the accident or the place to the operator. All of the required resources are easily available in the US and non availability of resources won’t be a problem with regards to the manufacture of the device. The US is a country which has been a mixed breed of different cultures races and ethnicity. The country is a hot bed for migration and most of its population is made up of migratory people from different countries across the globe. This has led to a diverse and multifaceted cultural diversity in the country. The country has a population that is comprised of people of different age group but most of its population is of the older generation. The buyer for the new technology has been identified as Ford motor company. However the ultimate buyer of the new technology is likely to belong from every culture or races that are present in the country. Since safety is an issue that is seen as a major area of concern irrespective of the culture or religion or race or creed or sex to which one belongs. However, with aging population the concern for road safety and the likely adoption of this potential life saving technology is likely to increase. The America represents a country which is led by innovations. The American economy has been fuelled by innovations. There are large of new start-ups that are formed in

Push and Pull Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Push and Pull Marketing - Essay Example Since consumers’ attention is the main aim of communication mediums, communication strategy can be either pull strategy or push strategy. Both approaches are distinct from each other and every organization has to ensure that it plans and executes that strategy which will work for its offering (Hegel III & Brown, 2008). The main difference between push and pull marketing is that pull marketing induces end consumers to create demand, while in push marketing, marketers entice trade buyers to purchase and carry out the products that allows them to reap profit potential benefits (Steglin, 2012). Push Marketing Strategy In push strategy, the primary aim of marketers is to design marketing strategy in a way that will push products onto the consumers. It basically means offering attractive incentives to employees and sales representatives for pushing the product on specific points or places where there are more chances of customers buying products impulsively. In other words, in busin ess to business marketing, it means using marketing mediums to get attention of businesses to buy the supplier’s materials and products and sell it to end consumer. The main forms of communication mediums used are price inducements, promotions, trade shows, trade promotions, sponsorships and many more that will get the attention of retailers, wholesalers and other businesses to purchase the company’s products or services (Segal, 2012). For instance, push marketing strategy is commonly found among energy drinks companies as they try to get the attention of end consumers by organizing various events such as trade shows and promotional incentives. British Petroleum uses push strategy by attracting its customers who are the processors of their products that supply refined products to the end consumers. The company offers various perks, price breaks and discount offers so that it can get the attention of its business consumers. Unilever uses push strategy for its distributo rs, wholesalers and retailers so that it can get good placement for its products in their stores. Pull Marketing Strategy In pull marketing strategy, marketers try to inspire consumers to demand the company’s products or services. In this technique, a lot of money is spent as the tools used to grab customers’ attention are very expensive. The marketers need to incorporate strategies that will help in creating relations with target market and getting them engaged with their offerings. Some of the commonly used marketing mediums for pull strategy are word of mouth, sponsorships, product placement and advertisement in newspapers, on radio and Television (Segal, 2012). For instance, Apple uses pull strategy to attract its target market; it relies heavily on placement of products, Public Relations efforts and advertisements that are innovative and attractive which will help in creating more demand for its products. The company’s advertisements about its computers end with quotes like â€Å"available at specific places† or â€Å"Buy now†. Almost all the advertisements of the company has message that pulls consumers towards it as information about product with complete details are provided. Red Bull also focuses on pull strategy as it sponsors various events round the year such as Formula 1, soap box derby and concerts. With all these communication med